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Toxicological
Test Laboratory
for Pesticides One
of the five authorized toxicological laboratories on pesticide 4-phase tests, accreditated
by the Health Ministry and the Agriculture Ministry of the Peoples Republic of
China September
2000 Add.
165 Xingang Rd.W., Guangzhou, PR China 510300 Tel. +8620-84199377 Fax +8620-84189225 E-mail
gdiomtox@public.gz.gd.cn Web http://www.gdpcc.com/ 1
General situation of the Center and the Toxicological Test Laboratory
for Pesticides 1.1 History The
Toxicological Test Laboratory for Pesticides is one of the main departments of
Guangdong Surveillance Center for Occupational Health, Guangdong Institute for
Occupational Health and Guangdong Prevention and Treatment Center for
Occupational Diseases which were founded in 1960. A lot of toxicological
researches have been accomplished since 1960’s. In 1997, the lab was
accreditated by the Health Ministry and the Agriculture Ministry of the Peoples
Republic of China as one of the five authorized laboratories on toxicological
safety evaluation for pesticides (phaseⅠ-phaseⅣ)
(Appendix). ·1960- Guangdong Institute for Occupational
Health was founded and the toxicological lab engaged in researches of organic
phosphorous pesticides, etc. ·1974- Toxicological lab was as one part of
the Central Lab of the center and a lot of researches on pesticides and chemicals
were accomplished. ·1984 Toxicological lab was enlarged as
a department. ·1989 Guangdong Surveillance Center for
Occupational Health was founded. ·1991 The Laboratory got the
certificate of “China Metrological Accreditation (CMA)”. ·1995-96
The animal lab got the pass certificates respectively from the Guangdong
Science and Technology Committee and the Guangdong Management Committee for
Medical Experimental Animals. ·1997 The Toxicological Department was
accreditated by the Health Ministry and the Agriculture Ministry of China as
one of the five authorized 4-phase toxicological laboratories on pesticide
tests. 1.2 Organization and management
structure of the center and the lab (Fig.
1) 1.3 Personnel 15
persons are now working in the lab, including 6 high-ranking specialists
(professors or associate professors, 40%), 6 doctors or technicians in-charge
(40%) and 3 technicians (20%); or classified by their education background,
including 1 PhD, 2 graduates and 11 undergraduates. Half of them have worked in
the field of toxicology for more than 20 years. Also,
the lab was backup by personnel from other departments. 1.4 Apparatus and equipment 1.4.1 Working space: The lab occupied an
area of 2100m2, including a 320 m2 animal lab and a 150m2
clean animal lab. 1.4.2 Apparatus involved in the pesticide
toxicological tests: 1 gas chromatograph/mass selective
detector (GC/MSD) (HP-5973/6890); 1 liquid chromatograph (HPLC)(HP1050); 2 atom-absorb spectrophotometers (PE4000
and 2830); 2 gas spectrophotometers(GC-7AG); 1 UV spectrophotometer (RF-540); 1 liquid scintillation analyzer
(TRI-CARB2000CA/LL); 1 full automatic blood biochemistry
analyzer (Shimazu CL800); 2 full automatic blood cell counters (AC
970 and Sysmex KX-21); 5 light microscopes (Olympus BH-2); 1 fluorescent microscopes (Olympus BH-2); 1 high-speed, low-temperature centrifuge
(Hitachi 20PR-520); 2 low-temperature refrigerators
(SANYO -40℃); 1 CO2 gassed incubator
(Heraeus BB16); 1 high pressure sterilizer (0.3 m3,
DMQ); 1 high pressure sterilizer (0.36 m3,
XD-0.36); 2 1/10000 electronic scales (AEL-200); 5 1/100 or 1/10 electronic scales (MP200B
and YP1200); 1 set of dynamic inhalation chamber (1 m3,
WY-A); 1 set of dynamic inhalation chamber (0.28
m3); 1 set of inhalation chamber (80 L). Lots
of other tools are also available for toxicological tests. 2
Experiment procedures 2.1 Quality policy statement The
statement was signed by Dr. Hu Rongshu, the top director of the center to
guarantee that: ·all
tests and related activities within its responsibility of the lab are all based
on laws, appropriate methods (national standards, etc.) and procedures. ·the
lab has arrangements to ensure that its personnel are free from any commercial,
financial and other pressures which might adversely affect the quality of their
work. ·where
relevant, the lab has documented policy and procedures to ensure the protection
of client’s confidential information and proprietary rights. 2.2 Sample receipt and management The
lab has a documented system for handling of items to be tested, to ensure their
receipt, unique identification, storage, security and safe disposal. (Fig. 4) 2.3 Quality system (Fig.
2, Fig. 3 and Fig.5) 2.4 Test procedures for pesticides ·Sample
receipt and numbering. ·Making
the test plan based on the national standard (GB 15670-1995: Toxicological
test methods of pesticides for registration) and followed by the standard
operation procedures (SOP) in our laboratory. ·Sample,
equipment, tools and reagents preparing. ·Testing
followed by SOP. ·Statistic
treatment. ·Reporting 3
Experience on pesticide toxicological test The lab has engaged in the activities
of pesticide toxicological test for since 1970’s. During the period of the past
three and half years (January 1997– June 2000), 585 pesticides and 47 chemicals
(1229 tests) were toxicologically tested: Pesticide
toxicological test
Test number PhaseⅠ Acute toxicity and irritation Acute
oral toxicity
338 Acute
dermal toxicity
293 Acute
inhalational toxicity
90 Eye
irritation
210 Skin
irritation 213 Skin
allergy
8 PhaseⅡ Accumulative toxicity and mutation Accumulative
toxicity
6 Mutation
test: Ames
test
12 Bone
marrow cell micronucleus 10 Bone
marrow cell chromosome aberration 2 Testis
spermatocyte chromosome aberration
5 Sperm
shape abnormality
6 PhaseⅢ Subchronic toxicity and metabolic tests 90-Day
oral feeding toxicity
8 21-/28-Day
inhalational toxicity
5 Delayed
neural toxicity
2 2-Generation
reproductive test
1 Teratogenicity
test
4 Metabolic
test
3 PhaseⅣ Chronic toxicity and carcinogencity
tests 2-Year
oral feeding (rats)
1 Also,
workers exposed to radiation, pesticides as well as other chemicals were
monitored in the past 15 years by the test of peripheral blood lymphocyte
chromosome aberration (5,026 samples) and by the test of peripheral blood
lymphocyte micronucleus (20,358 samples). 4
Main achievements In
the past 20 years, 48 scientific researches on national, provincial or civic
levels were in charged and 88 articles were published. 4.1 The awarded achievements: ·1960-77 “Research on prevention and
treatment of paddyfield dermatitis” awarded by the National Science and
Technology Conference. “Research
on high background radiation areas”
awarded by the Health Ministry of China as a second-grade achievement. ·1979-90 “Research on hazards of occupational
exposure to tea-dust” awarded by the national Science and Technology
Conference. “National
epidemiological survey on occupational chloroethylene tumor”
awarded by the Health Ministry of China as a first-grade Medical and Health
Science achievement. “Research
on the effects of lead to the woman workers and their offspring”
awarded a third-grade achievement of Guangdong Science and Technology Progress. “Recommendation
and improvement of the 2m3 chamber for inhalational toxicity test”
awarded by Guangdong government as a third-grade Medical and Health Science
Progress achievement. ·1991-99 “Research on quality standard
for experimental animals in Guangdong” awarded by Guangdong Science Society
as a first-grade achievement. “Research
on prevention and treatment measures for dichloroethane poisoning”
awarded by Guangdong government as a second-grade Medical and Health Science
Progress achievement and a third-grade achievement of Guangdong Science and
Technology Progress. “Research
on the mechanism of liver damage and its early detective indexes on several
frequently used liver toxicants” awarded by
Guangdong government as a third-grade Medical and Health Science Progress
achievement. “Apply
research of human lymphocyte cytokinesis-block (CB) micronucleus in
occupational health care” awarded by Guangdong
government as a third-grade Medical and Health Science Progress achievement. “Apply
research of Tradescantia micronucleus monitoring on environmental mutagens in
petrochemistry enterprises” awarded a third-grade
achievement of Maoming Science and Technology Progress. “Research
on the application of plant cell micronucleus system in monitoring mutagens in
workplaces” registered as a great achievement in
Guangdong province. 4.2 Research on and establishment of
national health standards or criteria ·National
health standards: tetrachloromethane, trichloroethylene, dichloroethane,
phosgene and n-hexane. ·Air
hygienic standard in workshop: liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and n-hexane. 4.3 Present research subjects “Research
on prevention and treatment measures for occupational organic solvent
poisoning”; “Research
on prevention and treatment measures for organic solvent poisoning in
joint-venture enterprises”; “Study
on the mechanism of hypokalemia induced by trimethyltin chloride”; “Clinical
research on the relationship of myocardial enzyme changes and fluoroacetamide
poisoning”; “Study
on the mechanism of skin and liver damages caused by occupational exposure to
trichloroethylene”. 5
International or
regional cooperation and information exchange 5.1
Our staffs have visited or studied in
some labs in advanced countries or areas such as the Department of Occupational
and Environmental Health, Nagoya University, Japan; National Research Centre
for Environmental Toxicology, Australia; School of Public Health, Griffith
University, Australia, etc. 5.2
Experts from many countries such as
Malaysia, Japan, Australia, the United States, etc. have been invited to visit
the Lab. 5.3
Two collaborative research projects are
now carried out with Japanese and Australian scientists. 5.4
Scientific information has been exchanged
with labs around the world mainly by internet. Fig. 1 Organization and
Management Structure
Cell tox. lab Apparatus & quality Inhalation tox. lab Dermal tox. lab Chronic tox. lab Acute tox. lab Mutation lab Toxicol. Lab Logis-tics Supply
Print room Fig. 2 General Operation
of Quality System (QS) in the Test
Fig.
3
Quality Ring Chart: Eight Factors to be Uninterruptedly Controlled
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